In extreme cases, the Pope recognizes that the State has a right to expropriate private property. [13] Our own Encyclical on the Reconstruction of the Social Order[14] adapted these principles to present needs. But "unless the Lord keep the city, he watcheth in vain that keepeth it. [41] Especially needful, however, for the present situation is the shining example of a life which is humble, poor and disinterested, in imitation of a Divine Master Who could say to the world with divine simplicity: "The foxes have holes and the birds of the air nests, but the Son of Man hath not where to lay His head. the Communists claim to inaugurate a new era and a new civilization which is the result of blind evolutionary forces culminating in a humanity without God. Since, as We then said, "belief in God is the unshakable foundation of all social order and of all responsibility on earth, it follows that all those who do not want anarchy and terrorism ought to take energetic steps to prevent the enemies of religion from attaining the goal they have so brazenly proclaimed to the world."[45]. Therefore the very good of humanity demands that her work be allowed to proceed unhindered. It has at its disposal great financial resources, gigantic organizations, international congresses, and countless trained workers. 5. II, pp. These goods should be sufficient to supply all necessities and reasonable comforts, and to uplift men to that higher standard of life which, provided it be used with prudence, is not only not a hindrance but is of singular help to virtue."[37]. Therefore We turn again in a special way to you, Christian employers and industrialists, whose problem is often so difficult for the reason that you are saddled with the heavy heritage of an unjust economic regime whose ruinous influence has been felt through many generations. The fury of Communism has not confined itself to the indiscriminate slaughter of Bishops, of thousands of priests and religious of both sexes; it searches out above all those who have been devoting their lives to the welfare of the working classes and the poor. 11. There were other papal statements of Leo XIII and the encyclical Singulari Quadamof Pope Pius X. Pius XI titled his Encyclical “About the social Order”. Thus, scarcely a month ago, an eminent political figure of the Far East, a non-Christian, did not hesitate to affirm publicly that the Church, with her doctrine of peace and Christian brotherhood, is rendering a signal contribution to the difficult task of establishing and maintaining peace among the nations. III, p. 170). Under various names which do not suggest Communism, they establish organizations and periodicals with the sole purpose of carrying their ideas into quarters otherwise inaccessible. 53. But the most efficacious means of apostolate among the poor and lowly is the priest's example, the practice of all those sacerdotal virtues which We have described in Our Encyclical Ad Catholici Sacerdotii. We repeat what We have said with frequent insistence in the past, especially in Our Encyclical Caritate Christi: "How can any contract be maintained, and what value can any treaty have, in which every guarantee of conscience is lacking? 43. IV, pp. Just as matrimony and the right to its natural use are of divine origin, so likewise are the constitution and fundamental prerogatives of the family fixed and determined by the Creator. capitalism, catholic, pope pius xi, quadragesimo anno Keep this news available to you and millions more Your gift will spread truth, defeat lies, and save lives Encycl. Ethics are based on religion and this is the realm where the Church meets industrial society. Your riches are corrupted, and your garments are moth-eaten; your gold and silver is cankered; and the rust of them shall be for a testimony against you and shall eat your flesh like fire. To be sure of eternal life, therefore, and to be able to help the poor effectively, it is imperative to return to a more moderate way of life, to renounce the joys, often sinful, which the world today holds out in such abundance; to forget self for love of the neighbor. Finally, We know from reliable information that flows into this Center of Christendom from all parts of the world, that the Communists themselves, where they are not utterly depraved, recognize the superiority of the social doctrine of the Church, when once explained to them, over the doctrines of their leaders and their teachers. Quadragesimo Anno, May 15, 1931 (A.A.S., Vol. and if there be any other commandment, it is comprised in this word: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. 210-22). Hence We wish to expose once more in a brief synthesis the principles of atheistic Communism as they are manifested chiefly in bolshevism. 80. 25. Diuturnum Illud, June 20, 1881 (Acta Leonis XIII, Vol. It must likewise be the special care of the State to create those material conditions of life without which an orderly society cannot exist. They take advantage of the lack of orientation characteristic of modern agnostic science in order to burrow into the universities, where they bolster up the principles of their doctrine with pseudo-scientific arguments. It can surprise no one that the Communistic fallacy should be spreading in a world already to a large extent de-Christianized. Pope Pius XI issued his encyclical exactly forty years after Rerum Novarum. What would be the condition of a human society based on such materialistic tenets? The enslavement of man despoiled of his rights, the denial of the transcendental origin of the State and its authority, the horrible abuse of public power in the service of a collectivistic terrorism, are the very contrary of all that corresponds with natural ethics and the will of the Creator. Every vestige of the Christian religion was eradicated, even though intimately linked with the rarest monuments of art and science. With reference to Communism, Our Venerable Predecessor, Pius IX, of holy memory, as early as 1846 pronounced a solemn condemnation, which he confirmed in the words of the Syllabus directed against "that infamous doctrine of so-called Communism which is absolutely contrary to the natural law itself, and if once adopted would utterly destroy the rights, property and possessions of all men, and even society itself. 14. I lived long time under both systems. There are some even who refer to certain changes recently introduced into soviet legislation as a proof that Communism is about to abandon its program of war against God. Now it is of the very essence of social justice to demand for each individual all that is necessary for the common good. Unlike Leo, who addressed the condition of workers, Pius XI discusses the ethical implications of the social and… enacademic.com. Quadragesimo anno (Latin for “In the 40th Year”) is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum novarum.Unlike Leo XIII, who addressed the condition of workers, Pius XI discusses the ethical implications of the social and economic order. XXIV (1932), pp. If she subordinates the former to the latter according to the words of her divine Founder, "Seek ye first the Kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you,"[18] she is nevertheless so far from being unconcerned with human affairs, so far from hindering civil progress and material advancement, that she actually fosters and promotes them in the most sensible and efficacious manner. A pseudo-ideal of justice, of equality and fraternity in labor impregnates all its doctrine and activity with a deceptive mysticism, which communicates a zealous and contagious enthusiasm to the multitudes entrapped by delusive promises. There are too many who fulfill more or less faithfully the more essential obligations of the religion they boast of professing, but have no desire of knowing it better, of deepening their inward conviction, and still less of bringing into conformity with the external gloss the inner splendor of a right and unsullied conscience, that recognizes and performs all its duties under the eye of God. Syllabus, IV, (A.S.S., vol. These guilds, ridiculed as "medieval" by the liberalism of the last century, are today claiming the admiration of our contemporaries in many countries who are endeavoring to revive them in some modern form. 47. God alone is his last end, in this life and the next. 19. Hence they endeavor to sharpen the antagonisms which arise between the various classes of society. 31. Ever since the days when groups of "intellectuals" were formed in an arrogant attempt to free civilization from the bonds of morality and religion, Our Predecessors overtly and explicitly drew the attention of the world to the consequences of the dechristianization of human society. In the plan of the Creator, society is a natural means which man can and must use to reach his destined end. In the face of such a threat, the Catholic Church could not and does not remain silent. 82. But, says Pius, private property has a social function as well. But charity will never be true charity unless it takes justice into constant account. We trust that those rulers of nations, who are at all aware of the extreme danger threatening every people today, may be more and more convinced of their supreme duty not to hinder the Church in the fulfillment of her mission. The explanation lies in the fact that too few have been able to grasp the nature of Communism. Quadragesimo anno (Latin for “In the 40th Year”) is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum novarum. In the first part he reviews and applauds the encyclical of his predecessor. But when on the one hand We see thousands of the needy, victims of real misery for various reasons beyond their control, and on the other so many round about them who spend huge sums of money on useless things and frivolous amusement, We cannot fail to remark with sorrow not only that justice is poorly observed, but that the precept of charity also is not sufficiently appreciated, is not a vital thing in daily life. Nevertheless, the struggle between good and evil remained in the world as a sad legacy of the original fall. . This doctrine is equally removed from all extremes of error and all exaggerations of parties or systems which stem from error. It would be a collectivity with no other hierarchy than that of the economic system. 35. The Cardinal stated "There is nothing in the encyclical which should deter Catholics from becoming members of the British Labour Party..."[10], Franklin D. Roosevelt had high praise for the encyclical and quoted it extensively on the evils of concentrated economic power. 165-178. I, . Here We should like to address a particularly affectionate word to Our Catholic workingmen, young and old. Like its predecessor, Quadragesimo Anno (translated "In the Fortieth Year") equally condemned unfettered capitalism and socialism, and reiterated workers' rights to form unions as well as to receive "just" wages. We are happy to voice Our paternal approval of the zealous pastoral activity manifested by so many Bishops and priests who have with due prudence and caution been planning and applying new methods of apostolate more adapted to modern needs. 34. In making these observations it is no part of Our intention to condemn en masse the peoples of the Soviet Union. To refer only to a single typical trait, it was Christianity that first affirmed the real and universal brotherhood of all men of whatever race and condition. He belongs to the working-class, and he bore the burdens of poverty for himself and the Holy Family, whose tender and vigilant head he was. This all too imminent danger, Venerable Brethren, as you have already surmised, is bolshevistic and atheistic Communism, which aims at upsetting the social order and at undermining the very foundations of Christian civilization . It is not true that there exists no lawful social hierarchy. May 15, 1931: A.A.S., Vol. 37. It developed a new social conscience. In view of this organized common effort towards peaceful living, Catholic doctrine vindicates to the State the dignity and authority of a vigilant and provident defender of those divine and human rights on which the Sacred Scriptures and the Fathers of the Church insist so often. 1. 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