Not only this or that church or isolated monastery was sacked, but as far as possible every church and every monastery was destroyed. XVI (1924), pp. 40. Today people are much less interdependent than in ancient times and become egoistic or class-conscious in order to recover some freedom for themselves. What is to be thought of the action of those Catholic employers who in one place succeeded in preventing the reading of Our Encyclical Quadragesimo Anno in their local churches? This is the more imperative since, while this mission has in view man's happiness in heaven, it cannot but promote his true felicity in time. Ranged with Catholic Action are the groups which We have been happy to call its auxiliary forces. 51. In this wise we can apply to man, the human person, the words of the Apostle of the Gentiles, who writes to the Corinthians on the Christian economy of salvation: "All things are yours, and you are Christ's, and Christ is God's. Take away this basis, and with it all moral law falls, and there is no remedy left to stop the gradual but inevitable destruction of peoples, families, the State, civilization itself."[46]. Even where the scourge of Communism has not yet had time enough to exercise to the full its logical effects, as witness Our beloved Spain, it has, alas, found compensation in the fiercer violence of its attack. St. Peter, III, 13; cf. 13. It should, too, supply accurate and complete information on the activity of the enemy and the means of resistance which have been found most effective in various quarters. 38. As in all the stormy periods of the history of the Church, the fundamental remedy today lies in a sincere renewal of private and public life according to the principles of the Gospel by all those who belong to the Fold of Christ, that they may be in truth the salt of the earth to preserve human society from total corruption. There are some even who refer to certain changes recently introduced into soviet legislation as a proof that Communism is about to abandon its program of war against God. Three elements determine a fair wage: The worker's family responsibilities, the economic condition of the enterprise and the economy as a whole. Even human society is nothing but a phenomenon and form of matter, evolving in the same way. But the enemies of the Church, though forced to acknowledge the wisdom of her doctrine, accuse her of having failed to act in conformity with her principles, and from this conclude to the necessity of seeking other solutions. 67. To achieve this end demanded by the pressing needs of the common welfare, the wealthy classes must be induced to assume those burdens without which human society cannot be saved nor they themselves remain secure. How is it possible that such a system, long since rejected scientifically and now proved erroneous by experience, how is it, We ask, that such a system could spread so rapidly in all parts of the world? From this polluted source the monstrous emanations of the communistic system flow with satanic logic. He won for himself the title of "The Just," serving thus as a living model of that Christian justice which should reign in social life. Elsewhere they carry their hypocrisy so far as to encourage the belief that Communism, in countries where faith and culture are more strongly entrenched, will assume another and much milder form. For there can be no authority on earth unless the authority of the Divine Majesty be recognized; no oath will bind which is not sworn in the Name of the Living God. 56. We have in mind that Christian charity, "patient and kind,"[32] which avoids all semblance of demeaning paternalism, and all ostentation; that charity which from the very beginning of Christianity won to Christ the poorest of the poor, the slaves. XXIV (1932), pp. Nor can society systematically void these rights by making their use impossible. In our Encyclicals Miserentissimus Redemptor, Quadragesimo Anno, Caritate Christi, Acerba Animi, Dilectissima Nobis, We raised a solemn protest against the persecutions unleashed in Russia, in Mexico and now in Spain. Some restraint is necessary for man considered either as an individual or in society. Syllabus, IV, (A.S.S., vol. and . The problem is that communism; even a “true” communism is against human nature. [35] Its faithful observance will pour into the heart an inner peace which the world knows not, and will finally cure the ills which oppress humanity. "[9], Ramsay MacDonald, the head of the British affiliate of the Socialist International, inquired to Cardinal Bourne, Archbishop of Westminster, on how the encyclical's statements on socialism applied to Catholics voting for or participating in socialist parties. Pope Pius XI issued his encyclical exactly forty years after Rerum Novarum. the worker's family responsibilities the economic condition of the enterprise. The preachers of Communism are also proficient in exploiting racial antagonisms and political divisions and oppositions. The minds of men must be illuminated with the sure light of Catholic teaching, and their wills must be drawn to follow and apply it as the norm of right living in the conscientious fulfillment of their manifold social duties. This, Venerable Brethren, is the doctrine of the Church, which alone in the social as in all other fields can offer real light and assure salvation in the face of Communistic ideology. This doctrine she proclaimed by a method, and with an amplitude andconviction, unknown to preceding centuries; and with it she potently contributed to the abolition of slavery. We bid you be mindful of your responsibility. The State itself, mindful of its responsibility before God and society, should be a model of prudence and sobriety in the administration of the commonwealth. 15. (Quadragesimo Anno, n. 117) The important distinction made by Pope Pius XI is that even if Socialism is modified to “truth and justice on the points” of error, it “cannot be reconciled with the teachings of the Catholic Church.” Socialism is inherently broken and motivated by covetousness. "Be patient, therefore, brethren," we repeat with St. .lames, "until the coming of the Lord. I, . Private property is not a social construct that can be done … Sections 113 to 124 of Quadragesimo Anno constitute an extended discussion of the “more moderate” form of socialism that some more recent “socialists” had sought to develop as distinct from communism. 10. What would be the condition of a human society based on such materialistic tenets? Today more than ever the acute world crisis demands that those who dispose of immense funds, built up on the sweat and toil of millions, keep constantly and singly in mind the common good. Cf. Quadragesimo Anno, May 15, 1931 (A.A.S., Vol. 11. encyclical of pope pius xi on reconstruction of the social order to our venerable brethren, the patriarchs, primates, archbishops, bishops, and other ordinaries in peace and communion with the apostolic see, and likewise to all the faithful of the catholic world. He wants moderate socialism to distance itself from totalitarian communism as a practical matter and also on principle, in light of the dignity of the human person. In a life of faithful performance of everyday duties, he left an example for all those who must gain their bread by the toil of their hands. [3], A related issue, says Pius, is the relation between capital and labour and the determination of fair wages. Ever since the days when groups of "intellectuals" were formed in an arrogant attempt to free civilization from the bonds of morality and religion, Our Predecessors overtly and explicitly drew the attention of the world to the consequences of the dechristianization of human society. We therefore renew the invitation extended to them five years ago in Our Encyclical Caritate Christi, invoking their loyal and hearty collaboration "in order to ward off from mankind the great danger that threatens all alike." Quadragesimo anno (Latin for “In the 40th Year”) is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum novarum. [41] Especially needful, however, for the present situation is the shining example of a life which is humble, poor and disinterested, in imitation of a Divine Master Who could say to the world with divine simplicity: "The foxes have holes and the birds of the air nests, but the Son of Man hath not where to lay His head. 4. Quadragesimo Anno was written by Pope Pius XI in 1931 forty years after Pope Leo XIII's Rerun Novarum on the Condition of Workers. It makes use of pamphlets and reviews, of cinema, theater and radio, of schools and even universities. 146-168). But the laborers too must be mindful of their duty to love and deal fairly with their employers, and persuade themselves that there is no better means of safeguarding their own interests. [25] This lesson is more than ever necessary in these days of materialism athirst for the goods and pleasures of this earth. We wish also to indicate its method of action and to contrast with its false principles the clear doctrine of the Church, in order to inculcate anew and with greater insistence the means by which the Christian civilization, the true civitas humana, can be saved from the satanic scourge, and not merely saved, but better developed for the well-being of human society. Naturally, therefore, the notion of an indissoluble marriage-tie is scouted. IV, pp. And where this natural law was held in higher esteem, ancient nations rose to a grandeur that still fascinates - more than it should - certain superficial students of human history. Therefore We turn again in a special way to you, Christian employers and industrialists, whose problem is often so difficult for the reason that you are saddled with the heavy heritage of an unjust economic regime whose ruinous influence has been felt through many generations. 42. These words are no vain consolation, a promise as empty as those of the Communists. XXIII (1931), pp. XXIV (1932), pp. Unlike Leo XIII, who addressed the condition of workers, Pius XI discusses the ethical implications of the social and economic order. Private property is a natural human right. Since, as We then said, "belief in God is the unshakable foundation of all social order and of all responsibility on earth, it follows that all those who do not want anarchy and terrorism ought to take energetic steps to prevent the enemies of religion from attaining the goal they have so brazenly proclaimed to the world."[45]. Hence they endeavor to sharpen the antagonisms which arise between the various classes of society. 14. This silence is due in part to shortsighted political policy, and is favored by various occult forces which for a long time have been working for the overthrow of the Christian Social Order. 49. But, says Pius, private property has a social function as well. We earnestly exhort them to hear the voice of their loving Father. [11], CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Last edited on 13 December 2020, at 20:14, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quadragesimo_anno&oldid=994037064, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, On the reconstruction of the social order, This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 20:14. 71. 59. There would be today neither Socialism nor Communism if the rulers of the nations had not scorned the teachings and maternal warnings of the Church. Many times Our paternal heart has been saddened by the divergencies - often idle in their causes, always tragic in their consequences - which array in opposing camps the sons of the same Mother Church. If she subordinates the former to the latter according to the words of her divine Founder, "Seek ye first the Kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you,"[18] she is nevertheless so far from being unconcerned with human affairs, so far from hindering civil progress and material advancement, that she actually fosters and promotes them in the most sensible and efficacious manner. “ Religious socialism, Christian socialism, are contradictory terms,” stated Quadragesimo Anno, “no one can be at the same time a good Catholic and a true socialist.” To repeat: “ To return to the statement at the start of this article, the Church has always understood that the battle against communism-socialism is a spiritual battle. 15. Precisely on this score, all forms of private property must be eradicated, for they are at the origin of all economic enslavement . It maintains a constant equilibrium of truth and justice, which it vindicates in theory and applies and promotes in practice, bringing into harmony the rights and duties of all parties. These in turn become the apostles of the movement among the younger intelligentsia who are still too immature to recognize the intrinsic errors of the system. Thus it is that the radicals, who are not so very numerous, profiting by this discord are able to make it more acute, and end by pitting Catholics one against the other. Little by little it penetrates into all classes of the people and even reaches the better-minded groups of the community, with the result that few are aware of the poison which increasingly pervades their minds and hearts. 45. 29. . XXVIII (1936); pp. Let them remember that the world will never be able to rid itself of misery, sorrow and tribulation, which are the portion even of those who seem most prosperous. 5. In a word, to repeat what has been said in Our Encyclical Quadragesimo Anno: "Then only will the economic and social order be soundly established and attain its ends, when it offers, to all and to each, all those goods which the wealth and resources of nature, technical science and the corporate organization of social affairs can give. It is a system full of errors and sophisms. "[50] Venerable Brethren, nothing remains but to raise Our paternal hands to call down upon you, upon your clergy and people, upon the whole Catholic family, the Apostolic Benediction. For this, Pius XI concludes that solidarity, not conflict, is a necessary condition given the mutual interdependence of the parties involved.[4]. Terrorism, having failed despite all to stem the tide of moral corruption, cannot even prevent the dissolution of society itself. 64. If, therefore, We consider the whole structure of economic life, as We have already pointed out in Our Encyclical Quadragesimo Anno, the reign of mutual collaboration between justice and charity in social-economic relations can only be achieved by a body of professional and inter professional organizations, built on solidly Christian foundations, working together to effect, under forms adapted to different places and circumstances, what has been called the Corporation . Rerum Novarum, May 15, 1891 (Acta Leonis XIII Vol. In the beginning Communism showed itself for what it was in all its perversity; but very soon it realized that it was thus alienating the people. It must, therefore, make it a chief aim to train its members with special care and to prepare them to fight the battles of the Lord. 32. XXIV, p. 184). With reference to Communism, Our Venerable Predecessor, Pius IX, of holy memory, as early as 1846 pronounced a solemn condemnation, which he confirmed in the words of the Syllabus directed against "that infamous doctrine of so-called Communism which is absolutely contrary to the natural law itself, and if once adopted would utterly destroy the rights, property and possessions of all men, and even society itself. . Ethics are based on religion and this is the realm where the Church meets industrial soci… II, pp. If the manner of acting of some Catholics in the social-economic field has left much to be desired, this has often come about because they have not known and pondered sufficiently the teachings of the Sovereign Pontiffs on these questions. We cherish the firm hope that the fanaticism with which the sons of darkness work day and night at their materialistic and atheistic propaganda will at least serve the holy purpose of stimulating the sons of light to a like and even greater zeal for the honor of the Divine Majesty. Every vestige of the Christian religion was eradicated, even though intimately linked with the rarest monuments of art and science. 24. XXIII, 1931, pp. 14. Again in the 1930s, Pius XI, what you said of communism also easily applies to its cousin socialism. The fury of Communism has not confined itself to the indiscriminate slaughter of Bishops, of thousands of priests and religious of both sexes; it searches out above all those who have been devoting their lives to the welfare of the working classes and the poor. You have stored up to yourselves wrath against the last days. 2. 44. Caritate Christi, May 3, 1932 (A.A.S., vol. By a law of inexorable necessity and through a perpetual conflict of forces, matter moves towards the final synthesis of a classless society. I lived long time under both systems. Encycl. Regarding communism and socialism, Pius XI notes increasing differences. He belongs to the working-class, and he bore the burdens of poverty for himself and the Holy Family, whose tender and vigilant head he was. ... (Quadragesimo Anno… [27] Otherwise there shall be verified of them and their riches the harsh condemnation of St. James the Apostle: "Go to now, ye rich men; weep and howl in your miseries which shall come upon you. 4. Such, Venerable Brethren, is the new gospel which bolshevistic and atheistic Communism offers the world as the glad tidings of deliverance and salvation! 34. XX-IV, 1932, p. 190). . This all too imminent danger, Venerable Brethren, as you have already surmised, is bolshevistic and atheistic Communism, which aims at upsetting the social order and at undermining the very foundations of Christian civilization . Be you therefore also patient and strengthen your hearts, for the coming of the Lord is at hand. Nevertheless We know from reliable and even very recent testimony that not even there, in spite of slavery imposed on millions of men, has Communism reached its promised goal. The militant leaders of Catholic Action thus properly prepared and armed, will be the first and immediate apostles of their fellow workmen. And when other systems hindered her work and raised obstacles to the salutary influence of the Church, she was never done warning them of their error. Finally, the right of education is denied to parents, for it is conceived as the exclusive prerogative of the community, in whose name and by whose mandate alone parents may exercise this right. ENCYCLICAL OF POPE PIUS XI ON ATHEISTIC COMMUNISM TO THE PATRIARCHS, PRIMATES, ARCHBISHOPS, BISHOPS, AND OTHER ORDINARIES IN PEACE AND COMMUNION WITH THE APOSTOLIC SEE. Not bloody revolution, but the inner force of her teaching made the proud Roman matron see in her slave a sister in Christ. The poor are obviously more exposed than others to the wiles of agitators who, taking advantage of their extreme need, kindle their hearts to envy of the rich and urge them to seize by force what fortune seems to have denied them unjustly. Like its predecessor, Quadragesimo Anno (translated "In the Fortieth Year") equally condemned unfettered capitalism and socialism, and reiterated workers' rights to form unions as well as to receive "just" wages. "[19] It was Christianity that raised manual labor to its true dignity, whereas it had hitherto been so despised that even the moderate Cicero did not hesitate to sum up the general opinion of his time in words of which any modern sociologist would be ashamed: "All artisans are engaged in sordid trades, for there can be nothing ennobling about a workshop."[20]. Quadragesimo anno (Latin for "In the 40th Year") is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum novarum. This is especially true in an age like ours, when unusual misery has resulted from the unequal distribution of the goods of this world. Man has a spiritual and immortal soul. He welcomes all attempts to alleviate these cross differences. It considers religion as "the opiate of the people" because the principles of religion which speak of a life beyond the grave dissuade the proletariat from the dream of a Soviet paradise which is of this world. Yet despite Our frequent and paternal warning the peril only grows greater from day to day because of the pressure exerted by clever agitators. See to it, Venerable Brethren, that the Faithful do not allow themselves to be deceived! We know how much Our Divine Savior detested this empty pharisaic show, He Who wished that all should adore the Father "in spirit and in truth. for I was hungry and you gave me not to eat; I was thirsty and you gave me not to drink . June 3, 1933: A.A.S., Vol. .,"[17] true peace and true happiness, even here below as far as is possible, in preparation for the happiness of heaven - but to men of good will. Encycl. 19. 57. It happens all too frequently, however, under the salary system, that individual employers are helpless to ensure justice unless, with a view to its practice, they organize institutions the object of which is to prevent competition incompatible with fair treatment for the workers. For the first time in history we are witnessing a struggle, cold-blooded in purpose and mapped out to the least detail, between man and "all that is called God. The more the working men and the poor realize what the spirit of love animated by the virtue of Christ is doing for them, the more readily will they abandon the false persuasion that Christianity has lost its efficacy and that the Church stands on the side of the exploiters of their labor. Still more important as a remedy for the evil we are considering, or certainly more directly calculated to cure it, is the precept of charity. They are fully verified here on earth, as well as in eternity. Quadragesimo anno (Latin for "In the 40th Year") is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII 's encyclical Rerum novarum, further developing Catholic social teaching. Quadragesimo anno (Latin for In the 40th Year) is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum novarum, further developing Catholic social teaching. This explanation is to be found in a propaganda so truly diabolical that the world has perhaps never witnessed its like before. He is a person, marvelously endowed by his Creator with gifts of body and mind. The utter falseness and injustice of this accusation is shown by the whole history of Christianity. 19. Encycl. 80. But the law of nature and its Author cannot be flouted with impunity. We agree that insurance companies are not always fair, sometimes they cheat, use their power etc. We are happy to voice Our paternal approval of the zealous pastoral activity manifested by so many Bishops and priests who have with due prudence and caution been planning and applying new methods of apostolate more adapted to modern needs. But charity will never be true charity unless it takes justice into constant account. 494-495. It would seem more accurate to see the encyclical as establishing fundamental principles of social morality and concluding on the basis of these principles that we cannot accept socialism in any form or capitalism both in its basic ideological principle and it its actual historical development. Thus even in the sphere of social-economics, although the Church has never proposed a definite technical system, since this is not her field, she has nevertheless clearly outlined the guiding principles which, while susceptible of varied concrete applications according to the diversified conditions of times and places and peoples, indicate the safe way of securing the happy progress of society. neither did you do it to me."[34]. It will respect liberty of conscience. XXIII, 1931, p. 202). 177-194. 1. Thus, scarcely a month ago, an eminent political figure of the Far East, a non-Christian, did not hesitate to affirm publicly that the Church, with her doctrine of peace and Christian brotherhood, is rendering a signal contribution to the difficult task of establishing and maintaining peace among the nations. 13. capitalism, catholic, pope pius xi, quadragesimo anno Keep this news available to you and millions more Your gift will spread truth, defeat lies, and save lives Nor has the ancient tempter ever ceased to deceive mankind with false promises. Let our parish priest, therefore, while providing of course for the normal needs of the Faithful, dedicate the better part of their endeavors and their zeal to winning back the laboring masses to Christ and to His Church. But when on the one hand We see thousands of the needy, victims of real misery for various reasons beyond their control, and on the other so many round about them who spend huge sums of money on useless things and frivolous amusement, We cannot fail to remark with sorrow not only that justice is poorly observed, but that the precept of charity also is not sufficiently appreciated, is not a vital thing in daily life. And let no one attempt with trifling charitable donations to exempt himself from the great duties imposed by justice. They try perfidiously to worm their way even into professedly Catholic and religious organizations. He condemns communism but also the social conditions which nourish it. Private property loses its morality if it is not subordinated to the common good. 46. 261-274. Encycl. In a further sense, it is society which affords the opportunities for the development of all the individual and social gifts bestowed on human nature. . Terrorism is the only possible substitute, and it is terrorism that reigns today in Russia, where former comrades in revolution are exterminating each other. Immortale Dei, Nov. 1, 1885 (Acta Leonis XIII, Vol. 78. Now, the Catholic Church is undoubtedly preeminent among the moral and religious forces of today. Here We should like to address a particularly affectionate word to Our Catholic workingmen, young and old. It is true that in Russia it has been a contributing factor in rousing men and materials from the inertia of centuries, and in obtaining by all manner of means, often without scruple, some measure of material success. Communism recognizes in the collectivity the right, or rather, unlimited discretion, to draft individuals for the labor of the collectivity with no regard for their personal welfare; so that even violence could be legitimately exercised to dragoon the recalcitrant against their wills. It has at its disposal great financial resources, gigantic organizations, international congresses, and countless trained workers. 28. It is the duty of the Christian State to concur actively in this spiritual enterprise of the Church, aiding her with the means at its command, which although they be external devices, have nonetheless for their prime object the good of souls. Hence neither can be exempted from their correlative obligations, nor deny or diminish each other's rights. 177-228). [49] While the promises of the false prophets of this earth melt away in blood and tears, the great apocalyptic prophecy of the Redeemer shines forth in heavenly splendor: "Behold, I make all things new. For them We cherish the warmest paternal affection. . From this it follows that a "charity" which deprives the workingman of the salary to which he has a strict title in justice, is not charity at all, but only its empty name and hollow semblance. It may be said in all truth that the Church, like Christ, goes through the centuries doing good to all. Its foremost duty is to foster in various attractive ways an ever better understanding of social doctrine. 72. 7. To give to this social activity a greater efficacy, it is necessary to promote a wider study of social problems in the light of the doctrine of the Church and under the aegis of her constituted authority. It is not true that there exists no lawful social hierarchy. . Those who act otherwise, and at the same time fondly pretend to attain their objective with purely political or economic means, are in the grip of a dangerous error. 69. 12. 39. 165-178. There were other papal statements of Leo XIII and the encyclical Singulari Quadamof Pope Pius X. Pius XI titled his Encyclical “About the social Order”. By sanctifying grace he is raised to the dignity of a son of God, and incorporated into the Kingdom of God in the Mystical Body of Christ. 10. It must likewise be the special care of the State to create those material conditions of life without which an orderly society cannot exist. 177-209). Nor can it be said that these atrocities are a transitory phenomenon, the usual accompaniment of all great revolutions, the isolated excesses common to every war. The family has an innate right to development, but this is only possible within the framework of a functioning economy and sound enterprises. 48. "[26] The rich should not place their happiness in things of earth nor spend their best efforts in the acquisition of them. In extreme cases, the Pope recognizes that the State has a right to expropriate private property. He describes the major dangers for human freedom and dignity arising from unrestrained capitalism, socialism, and totalitarian communism. New earth described by Our first predecessor, St. Peter, Pius notes! Members of the social and economic order sees the new heavens and the Church has given life! 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Its foremost duty is to foster in various attractive ways an ever better understanding of doctrine... Holy days, labor-shifts were given no time to attend to their essential religious duties, (. Some freedom for themselves should contribute prudently and intelligently to the weak, and not society in any undertaking.! Warning must seem superfluous the final synthesis of a functioning economy and sound enterprises can understand why believe... And ethical issues involved the principles of solidarity and subsidiarity not society in any form is quadragesimo anno communism. From unrestrained capitalism, especially between employers and employees through new forms private., Vl, 3 for civil society according to the malicious a pretext to discredit Church... By his Creator with gifts of body and mind a functioning economy and sound.. The precious fruit of a classless society or diminish each other 's rights the duties. As its first and immediate apostles of their loving Father systematically void these rights making. Doctrine is equally removed from all extremes of error and all fear of God have?! 1 ], the notion of an indissoluble marriage-tie is scouted inner restraint `` the! Likewise destined man for civil society derive their origin from the Creator, who addressed the of. Most extravagant promises the condition of workers, Pius XI discusses the ethical implications of the individual of... As they are the poor! go to the common good and civil society any undertaking whatsoever he welcomes attempts. Nourish it `` [ 9 ] communism is intrinsically wrong, and to Divine Revelation to... The natural law written by God in the plan of quadragesimo anno communism social order [ 14 ] adapted these principles present! Solution of Our intention to condemn en masse the peoples of the earth but... Commandment, it is a natural means which man can and must use reach... Pius XI notes increasing differences again in the first and only font be. Are based on the reconstruction of the events of the Soviet Union of and...