The old city – existed for at least a thousand years – developed in and around circular road. The most Lahore families were found in the USA in 1920, and Canada in 1911. Its original name was either 'Lav-garh' (Fort of Lav/Lava) or 'Lavapuri' (Place of Lava/Lav) which was later changed to 'Lavhur' or 'Lahor' and then 'Lahore'. For other uses, see, Al-Hind, the Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th–13th Centuries By André Wink, Al-Hind, the Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th–13th Centuries By André Wink PAGE 235. Syed Ahmad Barelvi a Muslim nationalist received desperate pleas of help from the persecuted Muslims of the Punjab region. [38], By the end of the 18th century, the city's population drastically declined, with its remaining resident's living within the city walls, while the extramural suburbs lay abandoned, forcing travelers to pass through abandoned and ruined suburbs for a few miles before reaching the city's gates. [76] Ranjit Singh also built the Hazuri Bagh Baradari in 1818 to celebrate his capture of the Koh-i-Noor diamond from Shuja Shah Durrani in 1813. However Punjabi is also taught at graduation level and used in theaters, films and newspapers from Lahore. On 7 July 1799, the Sikh militia of the Sukerchakia chief, Ranjit Singh, occupied Lahore. Reconstruction began in 1949 of the Shah Alami Bazaar, the former commercial heart of the Walled City until it was destroyed in the 1947 riots. Shaheed Ganj area being named after Sikhs who had been scalped and killed there during the Mughal empire. Lahore: Its History, Architectural Remains and Antiquities. The name of the village was formerly Icchra Lahore. This was 100% of all the recorded Lahore's in the USA. Even at Delhi, the seat of Hindu dynasties from upwards of a thousand years before CE to more than a thousand years after CE, and there, where is abundance of stone, no specimens of Hindu architecture exist dating earlier than the tenth or eleventh century.[8]. At the period of the first Muslim conquests, Lahore was in possession of a Rajput King Prithviraj Chauhan, of the family of Ajmer. Ibrahim Lodi was killed on the battlefield. [5] Bhabra or Bhabhra is an ancient merchant community from Punjab region which mainly follows Jainism. [188], This article is about the city. The Shalimar Gardens were laid out during the reign of Shah Jahan and were designed to mimic the Islamic paradise of the afterlife described in the Qur'an. The Ravi River flows on the northern side of Lahore. The ban was lifted for two days in 2007, then immediately reimposed when 11 people were killed by celebratory gunfire, sharp kite-strings, electrocution, and falls related to the competition. [66], The many other gardens and parks in the city include Hazuri Bagh, Iqbal Park, Mochi Bagh, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park, Model Town Park, Race Course Park, Nasir Bagh Lahore, Jallo Park, Lahore Zoo Safari Park, and Changa Manga, a man-made forest near Lahore in the Kasur district. By the end of the Sikh rule, most of Lahore's massive haveli compounds had been occupied by settlers. They function like buses, and operate on many routes throughout the city.[156]. [citation needed] Another Chinese traveler, Kurmang who came in the eleventh century A.D. speaks of a Lohrana kingdom as a mighty power. [169] Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha are celebrated in the city with public buildings and shopping centers decorated in lights. More than 20,000 athletes from Pakistan and all over the world participate in this event. In 1759, the Maratha and its allied forces defeated the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Lahore. Originally the capital and largest city of the Punjab region, it has since its creation changed hands from Jain, Hindu, Buddhist, Greek, Muslim, Mughal, Afghan, Sikh and the British, thereby becoming the cultural capital and the heart of modern-day Pakistan. [65], Civil wars regarding succession to the Mughal throne following Aurangzeb's death in 1707 lead to weakening control over Lahore from Delhi, and a prolonged period of decline in Lahore. [132] The leafy suburbs to the south of the Old City, as well as the Cantonment southwest of the Old City, were largely developed under British colonial rule, and feature colonial-era buildings built alongside leafy avenues. Other important British buildings included the High Court, the Government College University, the museums, the National College of Arts, Montgomery Hall, Tollinton Market, the University of the Punjab (Old Campus) and the Provincial Assembly. ", Daily Times Pakistan – Memorial will be built to Bhagat Singh, says governor, Story of Pakistan – Lahore Resolution 1940, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Lahore&oldid=992092959, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Punjabi-language text, Articles with disputed statements from September 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 December 2020, at 13:27. [54], Lahore briefly flourished again under the reign of Ghazi Malik of the Tughluq dynasty between 1320 and 1325, though the city was again sacked in 1329, by Tarmashirin of the Central Asian Chagatai Khanate, and then again by the Mongol chief Hülechü. Louisiana had the highest population of Lahore families in 1840. Lahore ( Punjabi: ਲਾਹੌਰ, Lāhaur, Urdu: لاہور) is de tweede stad van Pakistan; alleen Karachi is groter. History of Lahore from ancient times to Lohana, moghul sikh and british raj period history of Lahore. [16], At the commencement of British rule, Lahore was estimated to have a population of 120,000. Early records of Lahore are scant, but Alexander the Great's historians make no mention of any city near Lahore's location during his invasion in 326 BCE, suggesting the city had not been founded by that point, or was u… [122][173], Lahore remains a major tourist destination in Pakistan. The Metropolitan Corporation approves zoning and land use, urban design and planning, environmental protection laws, as well as provide municipal services. Gaddafi Stadium is a Test cricket ground in Lahore. [135], Sikh rule left Lahore with several monuments, and a heavily altered Lahore Fort. The Lahore family name was found in the USA, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. The Lahore Gymkhana Golf Course, the Lahore Garrison Golf and Country Club, the Royal Palm Golf Club and newly built DHA Golf Club are well maintained Golf Courses in Lahore. [38] Under the rule of Kabir Khan Ayaz, Lahore was virtually independent from the Delhi Sultanate. Almost immediately after the independence, large scale riots broke out among Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus, causing many deaths as well as damage to historic monuments—including the Lahore Fort, Badshahi Mosque and other colonial buildings. The Lahore Expo Centre is one of the biggest projects in the history of the city and was inaugurated on 22 May 2010. [38] The weakened city then fell into obscurity, and was captured once more by the Khokhars in 1394. It is strongly advised the city should not be visited in summers, as it is extremely hot and humid. (2005). The rapid development of large projects such as these in the city is expected to boost the economy of the country. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The Last to Lay Arms. [26] In 1762 A.D., the Bhangi Sikh Sardar army conquered Lahore and occupied the Shaheed Ganj Mosque, together with the courtyard. [48] The entire city of Lahore during the medieval Ghaznavid era was probably located west of the modern Shah Alami Bazaar, and north of the Bhatti Gate. [66] Mughal preoccupation with the Marathas in the Deccan eventually resulted in Lahore being governed by a series of governors who pledged nominal allegiance to the ever weaker Mughal emperors in Delhi. [75] In 1801, he established the Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das to mark the site where Guru Ram Das was born in 1534. Pakistan's third busiest airport, Allama Iqbal International Airport (IATA: LHE), straddles the city's eastern boundary. Jahangir's son, Shahjahan Burki, was born in Lahore. In 1021, Mahmud appointed Malik Ayaz to the throne and made Lahore the capital of the Ghaznavid Empire. The new passenger terminal was opened in 2003, replacing the old terminal which now serves as a VIP and Hajj lounge. The last of the great Mughals, Aurangzeb, who ruled from 1658 to 1707, built the city's most famous monuments, the Badshahi Masjid and the Alamgiri Gate next to the Lahore Fort. Lahore's reputation for beauty fascinated the English poet John Milton, who wrote "Agra and Lahore, the Seat of Great Mughal" in 1670.[17]. The record low is -5.8C (21F), recorded on 17 January 2013. [16] Indus ports near the Arabian Sea that served Lahore also silted up during this time, reducing the city's importance even further. [141][143], A major industrial agglomeration with about 9,000 industrial units, Lahore has shifted in recent decades from manufacturing to service industries. [49][50], Following the death of Aibak, Lahore came to be disputed among Ghurid officers. Lahore city covers a total land area of 404 square kilometres (156 sq mi). Early History of the lahore family. Under Punjab Local Government Act 2013, Lahore is a metropolitan area and under the authority of the Metropolitan Corporation Lahore. [16] Lahore's Mughal monuments were built under Akbar's reign of several emperors,[16] and Lahore reached its cultural zenith during this period, with dozens of mosques, tombs, shrines, and urban infrastructure developed during this period. Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century, and served as its capital city for a number of years. [38] The establishment of Mughal rule eventually led to the most prosperous era of Lahore's history. [105] Early riots in March and April 1947 destroyed 6,000 of Lahore 82,000 homes. The same scenario occurred in 2019 as well. [38], In an alliance with local Khokhars in 1223, Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu of the Khwarazmian dynasty of modern-day Uzbekistan captured Lahore after fleeing Genghis Khan's invasion of Khwarazm. The plains between the settlements also contained the remains of Mughal gardens, tombs, and Sikh-era military structures. [180][better source needed]. The Walled City of Lahore known locally as the "Un-droone Shehr" (Inner City) is the oldest and most historic part of Lahore. [72] He also erected the Gurdwara Dera Sahib to mark the site of Guru Arjan Dev's 1606 death. Lahore exerts a strong cultural influence over Pakistan. [79] Monuments plundered of their marble include the Tomb of Asif Khan, Tomb of Nur Jahan, the Shalimar Gardens were plundered of much of its marble and costly agate. Some of the remaining gates include the Raushnai Gate, Masti Gate, Yakki Gate, Kashmiri Gate, Khizri Gate, Shah Burj Gate, Akbari Gate and Lahori Gate. [85], The British viewed Lahore's Walled City as a bed of potential social discontent and disease epidemics, and so largely left the inner city alone, while focusing development efforts in Lahore's suburban areas, and Punjab's fertile countryside. This was 100% of all the recorded Lahore's in Scotland. [16], Struggles between Zakariyya Khan's sons following his death in 1745 further weakened Muslim control over Lahore, thus leaving the city in a power vacuum, and vulnerable to foreign marauders. [172] Shopping centers and public buildings also install Christmas installations to celebrate the holiday, even though Christians only constitute 3% of the total population of Lahore in 2016. As per the Punjab Local Government Act 2013, the Mayor of Lahore is the elected head of the Metropolitan Corporation of Lahore. [15] There are no buildings or monuments in Lahore that predates the Mongol destruction. The second Islamic Summit Conference was held in the city. [63] Emperor Jahangir chose to be buried in Lahore, and his tomb was built in Lahore's Shahdara Bagh suburb in 1637 by his wife Nur Jahan, whose tomb is also nearby. [16] By 1812 Singh had mostly refurbished the city's defenses by adding a second circuit of outer walls surrounding Akbar's original walls, with the two separated by a moat. Punjab … [84] Lahore's posh Model Town was established as a "garden town" suburb in 1921, while Krishan Nagar locality was laid in the 1930s near The Mall and Walled City. Lahore is also home to the Lahore Fort and Shalimar Gardens, both of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. [31] He also constructed Model Town, a suburb that has recently developed into a cultural center for Lahore's growing socioeconomic elite. [165] Each town in turn consists of a group of union councils, which total to 274. The same account attributes the founding of nearby Kasur to his twin brother Prince Kusha. Lahore fort: The present day Lahore is a three-in-one city. [113][114] At the time the meteorological office recorded this official temperature in the shade, it reported a heat index in direct sunlight of 55 °C (131 °F). Lahore was visited on 9 February 1870 by Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh – a visit in which he received delegations from the Dogras of Jammu, Maharajas of Patiala, the Nawab of Bahawalpur, and other rulers from various Punjabi states. [23] After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied Lahore District. [147] Lahore Metrobus service is integrated with Lahore Transport Company's local bus service to operate as one urban transport system, providing seamless transit service across Lahore District with connections to neighboring suburban communities. 1998. [16] In 1266, Sultan Balban reconquered Lahore from the Mongols but in 1296 to 1305 the barbaric Mongols again overran northern Punjab. [51], Lahore came under progressively weaker central rule under Iltutmish's descendants in Delhi - to the point that governors in the city acted with great autonomy. In 1298, 200,000 men Mongol army conquered Punjab and committed atrocities then marched towards Delhi but was defeated by Malik Kafur general of Sultan Alauddin Khalji ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. Ahmad Shah Durrani captured remnants of the Mughal Empire and had consolidated control over the Punjab and Kashmir regions by 1761. But also, in accordance with what all Indian architectural researchers tend to show namely, that the northern Hindus were not, until a comparatively late period, in the habit of building temples, or durable edifices of any kind. Motorcycle ride is also available in the city which have been introduced by private companies. [20][21] The Maratha Empire had made large successes, capturing Delhi, Punjab, Kashmir, Multan, Peshawar and Attock. [16] During this period, Lahore was closely tied to smaller market towns known as qasbahs, such as Kasur and Eminabad, as well as Amritsar, and Batala in modern-day India, which in turn, linked to supply chains in villages surrounding each qasbah. Lahore is Pakistan's largest producer of professionals in the fields of science, technology, IT, law, engineering, medicine, nuclear sciences, pharmacology, telecommunication, biotechnology and microelectronics, nanotechnology and the only future hyper high-tech center of Pakistan. [97] The Indian Swaraj flag was adopted this time as well. Hindu legend attributes the founding of Lahore to Lava, or Lōh, son of Rāma, for whom it is said to have been named Lōhāwar. Sher Shah Suri continued to rise in power, and seized Lahore in 1540, though Humayun reconquered Lahore in February 1555. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Lahore District. ", Story of Pakistan – Lahore Resolution 1940, "Here's How Radcliffe Line Was Drawn On This Day And Lahore Could Not Become A Part of India", "Political History and Administrative History of the Punjab", "Highest temperature in 78 years: Four die as city sizzles at 48o C", "Pakmet.com.pk - Pakistan's Biggest Property Website", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "District Wise Population by Sex and Rural/Urban – Census 2017 [pdf]", "Largest Christian Community of Pakistan resides in Lahore District", "Sikh pilgrims from India arrive in Lahore", "Lahore's only functional Hindu temple: Persecution amidst lights", "University of the Punjab – Examinations", "Supreme Court's Urdu verdict: No language can be imposed from above", "Two-member SC bench refers Punjabi language case to CJP", http://nation.com.pk/columns/23-Sep-2010/Some-vanished-gardens-of-Lahore, http://lahore.city-history.com/places/hazori-bagh/, "Father of modern Lahore remembered on anniversary. [18] Shortly afterwards, Lahore's iconic Minar-e-Pakistan was completed in 1968 to mark the spot where the Pakistan Resolution was passed. [47] The city then became the sole capital of the Ghaznavid empire in 1163 after the fall of Ghazni. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our lahore research. [107] In retaliation for the destruction of the Babri Masjid in India by Hindu fanatics, riots erupted in 1992 in which several non-Muslim monuments were targeted, including the tomb of Maharaja Sher Singh,[72] and the former Jain temple near the Mall. Het is de hoofdstad van de provincie Punjab en ligt niet ver van de grens met India. It has the only AACSB accredited business school in Pakistan, namely, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS). Some of the havelis inside the Walled City include: Lahore is known as Pakistan's educational capital,[citation needed] with more colleges and universities than any other city in Pakistan. The most Lahore families were found in the USA in 1920, and Canada in 1911. [citation needed] The Muslims were prohibited from entering and praying at the Mosque. Lahore hosts some of Pakistan's oldest and best educational institutes: Pakistan playing against Argentina in 2005. Tradition points the site of old Lahore to the vicinity of Ichhra – which is now a part of Lahore city – but was back then a village about three miles to the west. The origins of the name Lahore have been discussed in accounts and texts dating to various times throughout history. The battlefield and trenches can still be observed today close to the Wagah border area. Lahore appears to have served as the capital of Punjab during this time under Anandapala of the Kabul Shahi empire, who had moved the capital there from Waihind. [18], The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. [18] Carnage ensued in which all three religious groups were both victims and perpetrators. The old writings tell us about the origin of a definitive city in the 10th century. After the fall of the Ghaznavid Empire, Lahore was ruled by various Muslim dynasties known as the Delhi Sultanate, including the Khaljis, Tughlaqs, Sayyid, Lodhis and Suris. [16] The largest of Lahore's Mughal monuments was raised during his reign, the Badshahi Mosque in 1673, as well as the iconic Alamgiri gate of the Lahore Fort in 1674. However, Sabuktigin later repeated his conquest on his succession to the throne of Ghazni. [80][66] Ranjit Singh's army also desecrated the Badshahi Mosque by converting it into an ammunition depot and a stable for horses. Lahore is the city of poets, artists and the center of film industry. [178] Most of the reputable universities are public, but in recent years there has also been an upsurge in the number of private universities. The origins of the name Lahore have been discussed in accounts and texts dating to various times throughout history. Even if the history and historical monuments in Lahore are properly protected and taken care off, the city can attract as many international tourists as Rome, London, Cairo or Delhi etc. The Orange Line Metro Train is an automated rapid transit system in Lahore. [16], Ahmad Shah Durrani's grandson, Zaman Shah invaded Lahore in 1796, and again in 1798-9. [51], In 1266, Sultan Balban reconquered Lahore, but in 1287 under the Mongol ruler Temür Khan,[51] the Mongols again overran northern Punjab. [66] After capturing the Lahore, Sikh soldiers immediately began plundering Muslim areas of the city until their actions were reined in by Ranjit Singh.[74]. There were no Muslim dwellers before the 10th century. Lahore has always been known for its rich culture and history, but not many know Lahore beyond the famous Badshahi Masjid, Shalimar Gardens or Lahore Fort. The Mongol army advanced and in 1241, the ancient city of Lahore was invaded by 30,000-man cavalry. [35], Timur gave control of the Lahore region to Khizr Khan, Governor of Multan, who later established the Sayyid dynasty in 1414 – the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. So it can be seen how far its history can take you. These motorcycles need to be booked in advance by apps. Said Khan was removed from power in 1500 by Sikandar Lodi, and Lahore came under the governorship of Daulat Khan Lodi, son of Tatar Khan and former employer of Guru Nanak – founder of the Sikh faith. [38] The city became refuge to Humayun and his cousin Kamran Mirza when Sher Shah Suri rose in power on the Gangetic Plains, displacing Mughal power. The Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi took Lahore after a long siege and battle in which the city was torched and depopulated. Some sources say that it derives from Loh or Lava, the name of the son of Rama in the ancient Hindu epic poem, the Ramayana. Only 6 Gates of Lahore are … Lahore reached the peak of its architectural glory during the rule of the Mughals, many of whose buildings and gardens have survived the ravages of time. The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history, including the Hindu Shahis, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era. Lahore became the empire's administrative capital, though nearby economic center of Amritsar had also been established as the empire's spiritual capital by 1802. But in 1022 AD, he suddenly marched down from Kashmir, seized Lahore without opposition, and gave it over to be plundered. [34] Muslims under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam demanded a separate homeland for Muslims of India in a document known as the Pakistan Resolution or the Lahore Resolution. [16] Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire, and made capital of British Punjab. Lahore grew under emperor Babur; from 1584 to 1598, under the emperors Akbar the Great and Jahangir, the city served as the empire's capital. Out of the chaos of Afghan and Sikh conflicts Ranjit Singh who was able to unify the Sikh factions and capture Lahore where he was crowned Emperor. [32] On this occasion, the contemporary tricolor of India (with a chakra at its centre) was hoisted as a national flag, and thousands of people saluted it. [citation needed] Col. Todd, who delved into history of Rajasthan, describes Lohanas as one of the oldest Kshatriya community. UNESCO-werelderfgoedlijst. There are no architectural remains of the old Hindu city of Lahore, a circumstance which might well be explained by the absence of stone material, and the numerous destructive invasions to which the city has been subjected. Syed Ahmad Barelvi in 1821 with many supporters and spent two years organizing popular and material support for his Punjab campaign. Lahore Surname Definition: A surname found in Glasgow is most probably from the lands of … [18] In a bid to have Lahore awarded to India, they argued that the city was only 54% Muslim, and that Hindu and Sikh domination of the city's economy and educational institutions should trump Muslim demography. After independence, Lahore slowly regained its significance as an economic and cultural centre of western Punjab. The 1740s were years of chaos, and the city had nine different governors between 1745 and 1756. [122] There is also a small but longstanding Zoroastrian community. [94] Other prominent examples of the Indo-Saracenic style in Lahore include Lahore's prestigious Aitchison College, the Punjab Chief Court (today the Lahore High Court), Lahore Museum and University of the Punjab. Around 580 BC., when king Bimbisara ruled South Asia, the society came to be divided into different communities based on their occupation. [69] Following the Third Battle of Panipat, Ahmad Shah Durrani crushed the Marathas and recaptured Lahore, Sikh forces quickly occupied the city after the Durranis withdrew from the city. Within a year, the Punjab was formally annexed to the British Empire and military sappers had begun leveling Lahore's city wall. [18] The Shah Alami Bazaar, once a largely Hindu quarter of the Walled City, was entirely burnt down during subsequent rioting. Since 2015, 274 Union Councils have existed in the City District of Lahore. [10] Nardjanpal fled helpless to Ajmer, and the Hindu principality of Lahore was extinguished forever. The literacy rate of Lahore is 74%. [38], The first document that mentions Lahore by name is the Hudud al-'Alam ("The Regions of the World"), written in 982 CE[39] in which Lahore is mentioned as a town which had "impressive temples, large markets and huge orchards. In first schedule of the PVPaNCB 2019 (p. 23), the maximum of permitted neighbourhoods for Lahore is fixed as 280. One of the martyrs in the struggle for Indian independence, Shaheed Sardar Bhagat Singh, was hanged in Lahore Jail.[33]. The Lahore Museum and Mayo School of Industrial Arts were both established around this in this style. Lahore has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh). As the first Muslim ruler of Lahore, Ayaz rebuilt and repopulated the city. The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh, also located near the Walled City, houses the funerary urns of the Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh. [116] On 26 February 2011, Lahore recorded -2.7C (27.14F) and received slight snowfall in central parts of the city. Little is known of the history of the settlement prior to the Muslim period. "[28], According to Hindu legend,[29][30] Lahore's name derives from Lavpur or Lavapuri ("City of Lava"),[31] and is said to have been founded by Prince Lava,[32] the son of Sita and Rama. 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