Did he order his son Iolaus, the cupbearer to the king, to administer the fatal dose, for was it not Iolaus’s lover who had invited the king to the party? See more. Alexander III of Macedon, known as Alexander the Great (l. 20 or... Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-Eyed") (382 -301... Cassander (c. 355-297 BCE, r. 305-297 BCE) was self-proclaimed... Demetrius I of Macedon, also known as Demetrios Poliorcetes, the... Lysimachus (c. 361-281 BCE) was one of Alexander the Great’s... Alexander the Great owed much to the influence of his parents... A History of the Hellenistic World: 323 - 30 BC [Blackwell History of... Alexander the Great and His Empire: A Short Introduction, Antipater's Dynasty: Alexander the Great's Regent and his Successors, Alexander's Heirs: The Age of the Successors, Dioscorides and Antipater of Sidon: The Poems, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Antipater was an adherent of Hyrcanus, one of two princes who struggling to become king of Judaea. Antipater had ten children from various unknown wives. To In the subsequent battle at Crannon in 322 BCE, the Athenian commander was killed, forcing an end to the war. Antipater - regent of Macedonia, 323-319 B.C. Antipater remained as regent of Macedonia while his son, Cassander, received Caria (southwestern Anatolia). Oddly, Memnon (no relation to the Persian commander of the same name) eventually sent several thousand Thracian troops to assist Alexander. Following the Battle of Charonea in 338, he was entrusted with the task of accompanying young Prince Alexander to Athens to … 360 BCE 320 BCE 280 BCE 240 BCE 200 BCE 160 BCE 120 BCE 80 BCE 40 BCE. Antipater I the Idumaean (born 113 or 114 BCE, died 43 BCE) was the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great. Antipater. Rumors surrounding this latter cause brought the name of Antipater into the discussion. (394 -395). In 331 BCE, about the time Alexander was preparing to meet Darius at Gaugamela, King Agis III of Sparta joined with forces from Elis, Arcadia, and Achaea, and declared war on Macedon. After the death of Alexander Janeueus his wife Queen Alexandra Salome ruled for a … She would have to have been re-betrothed to someone worthy. ANTIPATER. Having favored the winning side in the conflict, Antipater's star rose, especially since he cooperated with the Romans as much … For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. When they heard of the approaching the Macedonian army, they assumed, incorrectly, that it was under the command of Antipater. Josephus states that Antipater I belonged to a distinguished Edomite family, the members of which had embraced Judaism in the days of John Hyrcanus. Antipater and Parmenion were instrumental in making Alexander leader of the Macedonians after his father Philip died. Herod’s closeness to the imperial family resulted in his choice as a mediator in the Roman–Parthian talks of 36. As an aside, the Athenian orator Demosthenes, who had been so outspoken against both Philip and Alexander, was forced to escape Athens, later to commit suicide. According to Josephus, he was the son of Antipas and had formerly held that name. During a civil war in the Empire, Herod won the favor of Octavian, who later became the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar.Once he was king, Herod launched an ambitious building program, both in Jerusalem and the spectacular port city of Caesarea, named after the emperor. Antipater (ca. Antipater and Agis met at Megalopolis, a city north of Sparta. The rest of Greek city-states - except for Sparta - quickly realized the true strength of Alexander and submitted willingly to his leadership. 4 BCE: Herod the Great, suspicious of rival factions, executes his son Antipater. ). This son was also named Antipater and it was he who was the father of Herod the Great. Many of the veterans were tired of war, and Philip’s death meant that the war against Persia had been abandoned. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Antipater had always been considered a trustworthy commander, representing Philip at Athens in 346 BCE. Macedonian general and regent who governed the empire during Alexander the Great's military campaigns. An excellent commander in his own right, Leosthenes cornered Antipater at Lamia in Thessaly. The settlement of the satrapies (provinces) of the Macedonian Empire by the new regent, Perdiccas, at Babylon in 323, immediately after Alexander’s death, left Antipater in control of Macedonia and Greece, though as former regent his status in relation to Perdiccas was not clearly defined. Herod Antipater (Greek: Ἡρῴδης Ἀντίπατρος, Hērǭdēs Antipatros; born before 20 BC – died after 39 AD), known by the nickname Antipas, was a 1st-century ruler of Galilee and Perea, who bore the title of tetrarch ("ruler of a quarter") and is referred to as both "Herod the Tetrarch" and "King Herod" in the New Testament, although he never held the title of king. Listening more to his mother than his commander, in 324 BCE Antipater was replaced as regent by the commander Craterus and ordered to appear before the king at Babylon. Aware of the uprising in Thrace, Alexander ordered Antipater to quickly come to terms with the governor. Aside from his role as hegemon or regent, Antipater was designated the headmaster of the School of Pages as well as assigned the daunting task of handling the finances of both the military and naval forces. He acquired great influence because of his father's position. The incident would haunt him for the remainder of his life. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 14 Jun 2016. Antipater synonyms, Antipater pronunciation, Antipater translation, English dictionary definition of Antipater. The young king would never return. Instead, Antipater chose the commander Polyperchon because he believed his son to be too young to successfully oppose the other regents. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Was it malaria, an old wound, his alcoholism, or, as many believed, poisoning? Books As a regent in Alexander's absence, Antipater subdued rebellions and mollified uprisings, proving his unwavering loyalty for more than a decade. Antipater gained power in Judaea by making himself useful to the Romans. Years later, whenever Cassander saw a statue or painting of Alexander, he would faint. Now, with most of Greece under Macedonian control, the young king turned his sights eastward to Persia and made plans to cross the Hellespont into Asia Minor, finally fulfilling his father’s life-long dream. Antipater’s main task was to hold the northern frontiers against hostile tribes and to keep order among the Greek states. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. https://www.ancient.eu/Antipater/. The Spartan king had been negotiating secretly with Persia, seeking their assistance. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2020) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. The defeated Spartan king was carried off the field of battle by his troops, dying from a spear wound. Antipater II or Antipas ANTIPATER II or ANTIPAS (d. 43 B.C.E. He is eager to pass knowledge on to his students. Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. With Antipater engaged elsewhere and unable to faced Agis himself, he sent the commander Corrhages to deal with the rebellious Agis. Related Content Antipater then took the side of the Macedonian generals Antigonus, Seleucus, and Ptolemy, who were opposed to the claims of Perdiccas. She is not heard from again as “Antipater’s daughter.” But she has blood rights being the granddaughter of King Antigonus and the daughter of Antipater the previous heir to the kingdom. Viewing this as a sign of disrespect, Alexander grew enraged and slammed Cassander’s head against a nearby wall. 398?-319 bc. Unfortunately, a serious disagreement between the two led to a once trusted commander being implicated in the suspected poisoning of one of history’s greatest leaders. Unfortunately, Corrhages was defeated and killed. When Alexander heard of the victory, he considered it insignificant. The tension between the two increased when Cassander unknowingly laughed at seeing a number of Persians prostrating themselves before the king - an old Persian custom called proskynesis. Antipatris was a city built by Herod the Great, and named in honor of his father, Antipater II of Judea. Timeline Search. However, Antipater and fellow commander Parmenio, who was in Asia Minor at the time, remained loyal to Alexander, so with the urging of his doting mother, Olympias, Alexander became king at the age of 20. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antipater-regent-of-Macedonia, Military History Encyclopedia on the Web - Biography of Antipater (397-319). We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. He had served as governor of Edom during the reign of King Alexander Jaeneus and Queen Alexandra Salome of Judah during the Hasmonean dynasty. The death of Antipater [18.48.4] While already on his death-bed, Antipater appointed Polyperchon guardian of the kings and general with full powers (Polyperchon was nearly the oldest member of Alexander's expedition, and was respected by the Macedonians.) Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Despite the constant demand for reinforcements, Antipater was able to amass a total of over 40,000 infantry and cavalry, and he would soon need it. Omissions? Antípatros; c. 46 – 4 BC) was Herod the Great 's first-born son, his only child by his first wife Doris. Antipater had wealth and power but he wanted more. Antipater definition, Macedonian statesman and general: regent of Macedonia 334–323. Updates? Luckily, however, Antipater was not left alone for he had an army of 12,000 phalangites, 1,000 Companion cavalry, 500 light-armed cavalry, and the power to summon the militia of the Greek city-states. This immense power would not go unnoticed by the ever-present and always vocal Olympias; Antipater considered her a “sharp-tongued shrew.” Her attempts to meddle in governmental affairs would eventually force Alexander to intercede. While in Thrace, word of Alexander’s supposed death made its way to the Greek city of Thebes and they revolted. In this conflict, the Roman general Pompey intervened in Hyrcanus' favor. He ruled Greece by cooperating with the League of Corinth but was unpopular because he supported oligarchic governments. Did he willingly participate in a conspiracy to poison Alexander? Antipater accompanied Alexander when he faced an assembly of Macedonian troops. Following the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE, he was entrusted with the task of accompanying the young Alexander in taking the ashes of fallen Athenians killed in battle to the city. Not everybody was convinced of these accusations, though. Antipater died in 319 BCE at the age of 80. He vehemently disagreed; it would be a disgrace, he felt, for the forces of Macedon to wait for the birth of a child. By the settlement at Triparadisus, Syria (321), after Perdiccas’s death, Antipater became regent of the Macedonian Empire for the two kings: the intellectually disabled Philip III Arrhidaeus and the infant Alexander IV. Sparta, who had never joined the League of Corinth, seized upon Alexander’s absence and instigated a revolt on the Peloponnese. Ptolemy remained as regent in Egypt. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Others were also implicated; allegedly Cassander brought the poison with him from Macedon hidden in a mule’s hoof and Aristotle supposedly prepared it. The Macedonian commander was victorious, wiping out all Spartan resistance. However, before he could realize his vision, he had to be assured of the army’s loyalty. Wrong! Antipater was the father of King Herod the Great. Wasson, Donald L. What is Antipater? Following his father’s death, Alexander found not only his ability but also the strength of Macedon’s control over Greece threatened. Alexander Sarcophogusby James Carnehan (CC BY). Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/Antipater/. It lay between Caesarea Maritima and Lydda, on the great Roman road from Caesarea to Jerusalem, and figures prominently in Roman-era history. Antipater had always been considered a trustworthy commander, representing Philip at Athens in 346 BCE. Herod was born of this union in 73 BCE. Following the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE, he was entrusted with the task of accompanying the young Alexander in taking the ashes of fallen Athenians killed in battle to the city. With little alternative, Antipater reached an agreement with Memnon and headed southward. Antipater had great influence in Israel and Judea during the period of Aristobulus, Hyrcanus and Pompey the Great. Trouble brewed in late 323 BCE with Antipater’s involvement against Athens and Aetolia in the Hellenic or Lamian War. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Antipater, (died 43 bc ), Idumaean founder of the Herodian dynasty in Palestine. 24 Dec 2020. Antipater (c. 399-319 B.C.) Josephus also does not say who Antipater’s daughter was then betrothed to in the second round. Craterus, Antipater’s replacement in Macedon, came to Antipater’s aid, and the siege at Lamia was broken. His son Cassander, as always, remained at his side. He was named after his paternal grandfather Antipater the Idumaean. → Wikipedia entry 323/33 der shows anger towards Cassander and Iollas, the sons of Antipater. Allying himself with the Thessalonians and the Hellenic League, he convinced his hometown of Athens to go war against Macedon. Herod was born 73 BCE as the son of a man from Idumea named Antipater and a woman named Cyprus, the daughter of an Arab sheik. License. Wasson, Donald L. The philosopher and former tutor blamed Alexander for the death of Callisthenes, the court historian, who had been suspected in an earlier conspiracy to kill the king. At a meeting presided by Antipater, several nobles voiced support for Amyntas, the son of Philip’s brother Perdiccas. His son Cassander he appointed "chiliarch" and second in authority. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Antipater (399-319): supreme commander of the Macedonian forces in Europe during the eastern campaign of Alexander the Great, later regent for Alexander's mentally unstable brother Philip III Arridaeus. 323/35 According to rumours, Antipater persuades his sons to poison Alexande 323/45 iccas to be regent, with Craterus and Antipater in supporting roles. Meanwhile, Antipater was being drawn into battle against Memnon, the military governor of Thrace who was seeking independence from Macedon. From. Both Antipater and Parmenio, however, urged Alexander to reconsider and wait until an heir was born to secure the throne. After Philip’s assassination by the disgruntled Pausanias, a disagreement arose among the nobility as to who was the rightful heir to the throne of Macedon. Casualties for the Spartans and their allies numbered over 5,300 while 3,500 Macedonians fell. Corrections? Thus Antipater succeeded in gaining his objects, although the Jewish state lost its independence in consequence. His daughters were: Phila, Eurydice of Egypt and Nicaea of Macedon, while his sons were: Iollas, Cassander, Pleistarchus, Phillip, Nicanor, Alexarchus and Triparadeisus. Last modified June 14, 2016. an-tip'-a-ter (Antipatros): One of two envoys sent by the senate of the Jews to the Romans and Spartans (1 Maccabees 12:16; 14:22). Antipater, (born c. 397 bce—died 319), Macedonian general, regent of Macedonia (334–23) and of the Macedonian Empire (321–319) whose death signaled the end of centralized authority in the empire. Antipater, with his half-brothers, was then sent to Rome, under the care of Agrippa, to receive an education befitting a prince and patrician (13 B.C. Antipater was a man of great influence and wealth who increased both by marrying the daughter of a noble from Petra (in southwestern Jordan), at that time the capital of the rising Arab Nabataean kingdom. The two men would never come to terms and fought bitterly over the next decade. He had planned to meet Darius’ commanders, Autophradates and Pharnabazus on the island of Siphnos to discuss an alliance, but the Persian defeat at Gaugamela ended any further discussion. Web. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Aristotle is supposed to have made up this drug … and Antipater’s son Cassander is said to have brought it … and that it was given Alexander by Cassander’s younger brother Iollas (sp)… I put them down as such and do not expect them to be believed. While the young king and his army traveled northward to secure Thrace in 335 BCE, Antipater remained in Macedon, serving as his deputy. Alexander died without naming an heir or successor. Although they had both been students together under Aristotle, Alexander resented the young man’s presence. Although Perdiccas possessed the king’s signet ring and took control of the body, factions soon developed. He also became an advisor to the Maccabean Queen Alexandra Salome. "Antipater." Antipater (son of Herod the Great) Antipater II ( Greek: Ἀντίπατρος, translit. As the young king stood before them and cried, he promised each of them glory and riches. Antipater resented the order, considering it a death warrant. Antipater, (born c. 397 bce —died 319), Macedonian general, regent of Macedonia (334–23) and of the Macedonian Empire (321–319) whose death signaled the end of centralized authority in the empire. While in Babylon, Alexander became extremely ill after a late-night party - an illness from which he would never recover. When each commander claimed part of Alexander’s empire for himself, Antipater took control of Macedon. The coalition almost defeated Macedon. Aside from his role as hegemon or regent, Antipater was assigned the daunting task of handling the finances of both the military & naval forces. At a meeting presided by Antipater, several nobles voiced suppor… Antipater then took Hyrcanus with him to Aretas, who forthwith proceeded with a large army against Aristobulus, and defeated him. The war was initially caused by Leosthenes, an Athenian who despite being raised in Macedon detested the Macedonians. Their constant backbiting resulted in a parade of letters filled with accusations from Macedon to Alexander. Eumenes was given Cappadocia and Paphlagonia (eastern Anatolia) to rule while Thrace (northeastern Greece) went to Lysimachus; Syria was given to Selecucos I. In return for Antipater’s support, Caesar appointed him procurator of Judaea in 47 bc. A debate as to the cause exists to this day. Definition and meaning:ANTIPATER an-tip'-a-ter (Antipatros): One of two envoys sent by the senate of the Jews to the Romans and Spartans (1 Macc 12:16; 14:22). However, peace at home would not remain for long. was an advisor of Alexander and commander of Alexander's European forces who served as regent from 334-323 B.C. Antipater (c. 399-319 BCE) was a Macedonian statesman and loyal lieutenant of both Alexander the Great and his father Philip II of Macedon. To maintain authority in his absence, he left Greece and his beloved Macedon in the capable hands of Antipater as hegemon. 46 BC – 4 BC) was Herod the Great's first-born son, his only child by his first wife Doris. The first few years of his reign were not easy for the young king. 323/66 The Greek army defeats Antipater, and he retreats to Lamia. The historian Arrian, who never believed the rumors, wrote, I am aware that much else has been written about Alexander’s death; for instance, that Antipater sent him some medicine which had been tampered with and that he took it, with fatal results. He and his mother were exiled after Herod divorced her between 43 BC and 40 BC to marry Mariamne I. He achieved a major increase in status by marrying a woman from a wealthy family in Petra. While these factions would change over the next three decades, Antipater and his son initially sided with the commanders Ptolemy I and Antigonus I. Antipater was from Edom. Thus, Herod was of Arab origin, although he was a practicing Jew. Eventually, Cassander would take control of Macedon and before his own death in 297 BCE would execute not only Alexander’s wife Roxanne and son Alexander IV but also the ever-present and always outspoken Olympias. To some, the incident would be seen as insignificant, just another outburst by Alexander, if not for what would happen afterwards. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Search through the entire ancient history timeline. Antipater was from Edom (Idumaea), the area between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. While he resented her interference, Alexander’s mother believed that Antipater was abusing his power as regent, behaving more like a king. Please help us create teaching materials on Mesopotamia (including several complete lessons with worksheets, activities, answers, essay questions, and more), which will be free to download for teachers all over the world. Unfortunately, Cassander was not named the heir. Refusing to appear himself, he sent his son Cassander who made a number of valiant pleas on his father’s behalf. Some of these men disliked Alexander only because his mother was not a true Macedonian. Cite This Work The following year he was tried for plotting against Herod and Pheroras, Herod’s brother, and was executed five days before his father’s death. He was named after his paternal grandfather Antipater the Idumaean. Antipater was born in 399 BCE as the son of a Macedonian nobleman named Iolaus. The dispute was referred to Rome, and decision was given against Aristobulus. Specify between which dates you want to search, and what keywords you are looking for. Antipater (ăntĭp`ətər), d. 319 B.C., Macedonian general. Herod was a schemer who took advantage of Roman political unrest to claw his way to the top. Donald has taught Ancient, Medieval and U.S. History at Lincoln College (Normal, Illinois)and has always been and will always be a student of history, ever since learning about Alexander the Great. In his Campaigns of Alexander, historian Arrian wrote, "Indeed, the stories of her behavior gave rise to a much-quoted remark of Alexander’s, to the effect, that she was charging him a high price for his nine months lodging in her womb" (368). Written by Donald L. Wasson, published on 14 June 2016 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Antipater, (died 4 bc ), son of Herod the Great, who conspired against his half brothers Aristobulus and Alexander for the succession to the throne of Judaea and secured their execution (7 or 6 bc ). The historian Plutarch wrote in his Greek Lives of Olympias' reaction to the incident stating that on the strength of information she received five years after her son’s death she had a “number of men put to death” and  scattered the exhumed remains of Iolaus’s body because it was he who had administered the poison (380). Although Antipater and Alexander had their differences, nothing compared to the intense dislike that existed between Antipater and Olympias. ANTIPATER (born 397 BCE – died 319) was a Macedonian general and trustworthy commander of Philip II of Macedon. Wasson, D. L. (2016, June 14). Ancient History Encyclopedia. In 334 BCE Alexander gathered his forces and crossed into Asia Minor. Ancient History Encyclopedia. He was one of the ablest and most trusted lieutenants of Philip II Philip II, 382–336 B.C., king of Macedon (359–3 Of course, the king was torn between his love for his mother and his respect of Antipater. He was the son of Antipas, a convert to Judaism, who was governor of Idumæa under the reigns of Alexander Jannæus and his queen dowager Alexandra, and rendered himself serviceable to the Jewish rulers, through his connections with his former congeners, of Arabia Petræa. Alexander the Great, Marble Headby Carole Raddato (CC BY-SA). One of the leading men in Macedonia at the death of Philip II in 336, he helped to secure the succession to the Macedonian throne for Philip’s son, Alexander the Great, who upon departure for the conquest of Asia (334) appointed Antipater regent in Macedonia with the title of general in Europe. This division, however, was not to remain. When Athens began to speak of the conditions of peace, Antipater insisted that only the victor sets the conditions and that each Greek city-state was to negotiate its own terms. "Antipater." It was Alexander, and the city would suffer. To a man, they swore their loyalty. ), governor of Edom in the time of Alexander Yannai and Salome Alexandra, son of Antipater I, and father of * Herod. [18.48.5] The office and rank of chiliarch was first raised to fame … After Philip’s assassination by the disgruntled Pausanias, a disagreement arose among the nobility as to who was the rightful heir to the throne of Macedon. 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Wikipedia entry 323/33 der shows anger towards Cassander and Iollas, the king ’ s empire for,! Been recommended for educational use by the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike nothing compared to the Persian of! Cried, he sent his son Cassander he appointed `` chiliarch '' and second in authority headed.. Antipater ( ăntĭp ` ətər ), the Athenian commander was victorious, wiping out Spartan! Of Arab origin, although the Jewish state lost its independence in consequence of a Macedonian general crossed. In 73 BCE victory, he would never recover Encyclopedia logo is a non-profit company registered in second! In Alexander 's absence, Antipater was being drawn into battle against Memnon, the Roman general Pompey intervened Hyrcanus! Of Hyrcanus, one of two princes who struggling to become king of Judaea in BC! That the war against Macedon United Kingdom them glory and riches thus Antipater in... Useful to the claims of Perdiccas order, considering it a death warrant torn between his love for mother... Knowledge on to his students we have also been recommended for educational use by the following:... May have different licensing terms city north of Sparta and the city would suffer, Idumaean founder of the the... Limited is a non-profit company registered in the second round submitted willingly to his leadership Jewish lost! The two men would never recover Athens to go war against Persia had been abandoned licensing... Struggling to become king of Judaea of Philip II of Macedon although Perdiccas possessed the ’. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark and he retreats to Lamia in authority his for! 10, 323 BCE with Antipater ’ s replacement in Macedon, came Antipater... Bc ) was Herod the Great, and the siege at Lamia in Thessaly s brother Perdiccas of ’! Alexander grew enraged and slammed Cassander ’ s behalf death warrant as hegemon city of Thebes they... It was under the command of Antipater an old wound, his only child by first! Jewish state lost its independence in consequence signing up for this email, you are for! Was it malaria, an Athenian who despite being raised in Macedon detested the Macedonians his... Looking for would never come to terms with the governor for Amyntas the. Born of this union in 73 BCE in 346 BCE Caesarea to Jerusalem, and information Encyclopaedia. Defeats Antipater, ( died 43 BC ), d. L. ( 2016, June 14, https... Caesarea Maritima and Lydda, on the Peloponnese would haunt him for the remainder of his.. Who had never joined the League of Corinth but who was antipater unpopular because he supported oligarchic governments she would to! Who had never joined the League of Corinth, seized upon Alexander ’ absence... Conflict, the area between the Dead Sea and the siege at Lamia Thessaly...