Photo by Linda Swartz. The wood is also used for fuel. Click on a place name to … For questions regarding the UWB/CC Plant Tour, contact Sarah at severlin@uw.edu. 1985. The tree, a member of the Salicaceae (willow family) can reach to 100 feet tall, and achieve a 6 foot trunk diameter. Photo by Susan McDougal. I98 1. Also like willows, leaf buds contain salicin which is a powerful anti-inflamatory and pain-reducer. The root systems help stabilize the soil, which is especially important for the restoration and conservation of riparian (river) areas they are commonly found growing in. Black cottonwood catkins. Ethnobotany Black cottonwood resin has disinfectant properties and has been used by Coast Salish people for sore throats and coughs as well as being applied directly to wounds to prevent infection. Black cottonwoods. Also like willows, leaf buds contain salicin which is a powerful anti-inflamatory and pain-reducer. Prunus virginiana Chokecherry. Trichocarpa means “hairy-fruited,” referring to the cottony fluff that helps disperse the minute seeds for long distances. ), Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) from the Tetons in Wyoming, and Black Cottonwood or a Black / Narrowleaf Cottonwood (Populus angustifolia) hybrid from the Great Basin National Park, Nevada. Economic uses of the black cottonwood include course lumber and the manufacture of wood products such as paper. Black cottonwood’s have a high nitrate uptake making them useful tools for buffering agricultural areas. Brayshaw – black cottonwood Subordinate Taxa. Common names are from state and federal lists. Prunus emarginata Bitter Cherry. Last Saturday JT, Ethnobotany Guide Extraordinaire, lead us, ethnobots, on a foraging walkabout around the Seattle Jackson Place, Judkins Park and International District. Pojar, J and MacKinnon, A. trichocarpa temporarily flooded woodland alliance Calveg: Black cottonwood Holland: North Coast black cottonwood riparian forest, Montane black cottonwood riparian forest Munz long; look for the pair of glands where the petiole joins the blade. ... Populis balsamifera, Black Cottonwood. Biomass production in a 4-year plantation. The base of the leaves can be either wedge or heart shaped. Ethnobotany Inner bark & cambium were eaten Buds used medicinally Habitat Value Nesting habitat for eagles & osprey, which are large birds of prey Sponsors City of Bellingham Washington State Department of Ecology Black Cottonwood. The bark is grey and covered with lenticels, becoming thick and deeply fissured on old trees. trichocarpa (Torr. Black cottonwood also has been planted as windbreaks and shelterbelts and it is commonly used for screening along motorways in Europe. The aggressive root systems of black cottonwood are effective soil Distribution: Widely distributed tree in western North America, Alaska to California, as far east as North Dakota. ... ETHNOBOTANY. Populus is the Latin name for poplar; balsamifera (“balsam-bearing”) refers to the resinous substance in the buds of the tree, thought to resemble balsam. Occasionally slightly lighter, with a dark brown or purplish hue. trichocarpa. Related Species: White Poplar (Populus alba) Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera) Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Bigtooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata) Black Poplar (Populus nigra) European Aspen (Populus tremula) Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Related Articles: The black cottonwoods are still used commercially for particle board, plywood and veneer. black bears in anchorage, alaska. Though not as showy as the leaves of their famous (but less common) relative, the quaking aspen, the leaves turn a beautiful yellow in autumn. Plant Profiles - Ethnobotany Submitted by admin on Mon, 06/27/2016 - 3:40pm These profiles were created by ES 421 students as a part of their final plant project. Native American Ethnobotany (University of Michigan - Dearborn) (POBA2) Males are green to red, females are green/pale yellow. Left to right: Mostly certain these are Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) leaves from along the middle Missouri River (South Dakota? Black Cottonwood is the largest hardwood tree in western North America. Black cottonwood series NVCS (2009) Populus balsamifera ssp. It is known as a good light Color/Appearance: Often completely black, with little or no discernible grain. The cottony seeds are often seen drifting in a summer breeze, giving the tree its common name of Cottonwood. The Spanish name for cottonwoods is “álamo,” leading the conclusion that the proper Spanish name for this tree is “álamo negro.” This name has lent itself to some famous places in America, such as the Alamo in San Antonio, site of a famous battle for Texan independence, as well as Los Alamos, New Mexico, site of American nuclear laboratories. & Gray ex Hook.) Title: Black Cottonwood - Native Plant Trail Sign Cottonwood is a well-known, common tree along rivers and streams throughout the West.Cultivation of hybrid poplars (Populus trichocarpa x. P. deltoides) can produce very high yields of fiber or fuel in 2-to-8-year rotations. Hitchcock and Cronquist describe 38 species in Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Black cottonwood resin has disinfectant properties and has been used by Coast Salish people for sore throats and coughs as well as being applied directly to wounds to prevent infection. Populus balsamifera ssp. - black cottonwood stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images The pale yellow sapwood is usually very thin, and is clearly demarcated from the darker heartwood. Last measured in April, 2008, this black cottonwood was found to be standing at 155 ft (47 m) tall, 29 ft (8.8 m) around, with 527 points. 1400 Independence Ave., SW The bark is rough and dark-colored, thus “black cottonwood”. Flowers/Fruits: drooping catkins. A cottonwood in Willamette Mission State Park near Salem, Oregon, holds the national and world records. The leaf blades are oval to heart-shaped, with a point on the end; the petioles are 1-2 in. This native tree grows rapidly. Black Cottonwood Tree Identification. They inhabit riparian areas, especially along streams. The light weight, fine, and evenly textured wood is one of the popular lumber types for the manufacturing of boxes and pallets. Populus balsamifera ssp. The name of another New Mexican town, Alamogordo, means “the fat cottonwood tree.”. Relationships: There are more than 300 species of willow worldwide, mostly in the northern hemisphere. The limbs bear alternate leaves which are simple, broadly ovate and 3”-5” long. Ethnobotanical Application(s): Throughout history, black cottonwood has been valued as a commercially important tree. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210 Populus balsamifera ssp. Threatened and Endangered Information: This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. Trichocarpa means with hairy fruits, referring to its fluffy seeds. balsamifera. trichocarpa is a large cottonwood tree of the western United States. The flowers are grouped into catkins from 1½ to 3 inches long; the trees are dioecious, meaning that ‘male’ and ‘female’ flowers are borne on separate trees. This plant has no children Legal Status. Balsam is a term for various plant saps with a pleasing odor. This species is the tallest and largest of the three cottonwoods, and can reach up to 150 feet in height. The tree develops a straight cylindrical trunk with a narrow crown. Ref… Black cottonwoods are very fast growing and are easy to propagate with stem cuttings. Genetic variation and productivity of Populus trichocarpa and its hybrids. Notable feature: The winter buds are yellow-brown and very pointed. Paddling into quiet Willamette River off-channel alcoves that are ringed with stately cottonwoods is like entering into an aquatic cathedral with … 2004. Black Cottonwood contains a large amount of rooting hormone, just like willows, so it is useful for plant propagation. Black Cottonwood. It is one of the largest of some 40 species of Populus and is the tallest, fastest-growing hardwood in the western United States. Brayshaw Black Cottonwood USDA POBAT Black Cottonwood contains a large amount of rooting hormone, just like willows, so it is useful for plant propagation. The bark is smooth, greenish when young, becoming gray brown and furrowed with age. Native Americans and herbal products companies use the resin for medicinal purposes as well, particularly for respiratory ailments. Both Cottonwood Trees and Willow Trees produce their own rooting hormone, called auxin. Can be used at a 10 – 25% dilution with other carrier oils such as jojoba or other herbal... Continue Reading Names: Black Cottonwood is also known as Balsam Poplar. Medicines and perfumes were made from balsam in Europe, and it plays a role in Christian rituals. “We’re fortunate to have a campus with so many native plants,” says ethnobotany PhD candidate Fiona Hamersley Chambers, pointing to Garry oak and historic camas meadows, Oregon grape, salal, grand fir, Douglas fir, black cottonwood and especially springbank clover—a food that was traditionally cultivated by First Peoples. spring. USDA PLANTS Database. trichocarpa range map. WSDOT Ethnobotany and Cultural Resources M 3120.01 Page iii April 2016 Foreword Ethnobotany is the study of the relationship between cultures and plants. trichocarpa temporarily flooded forest alliance, Populus balsamifera ssp. The name of another New Mexican town, Alamogordo, means “the fat cottonwood tree.” Economic uses of the black cottonwood include course lumber and the manufacture of wood products such as paper. Black Cottonwood contains a large amount of rooting hormone, just like willows, so it is be useful for plant propagation. US Forest Service, FM-RM-VE Exact identification of these trees and shrubs is extremely difficult. Both Cottonwood Trees and Willow Trees produce their own rooting hormone, called auxin. Effect of harvest cycle and spacing on productivity of black cottonwood in intensive culture. The trees are fast-growing taking 30-75 years to reach maturity. Black Cottonwood make millions of seeds, usually in the last week of May and the seeds are dispersed on the winds- casting themselves as far from the mother tree as possible. They are covered in a resinous substance that is perfumed and smells like balsam. Populus L. – cottonwood Species: Populus balsamifera L. – balsam poplar Subordinate Taxa ... black cottonwood Legal Status. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1 1: 1 18-1 23. , AND R. F. STETTLER. Washington DC 20250-1103, Pollinator-Friendly Best Management Practices, Native Plant Material Accomplishment Reports, Fading Gold: The Decline of Aspen in the West, Wildflowers, Part of the Pagentry of Fall Colors, Tall Forb Community of the Intermountain West, Strategic Planning, Budget And Accountability, Recreation, Heritage And Volunteer Resources, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air And Rare Plants. Habitat: In Washington state, this tree can be found along wetlands, streambanks, lake shores, and moist woods. The fluffy seeds can travel 20 miles on a breeze, they can be carried on streams and rivers and rest in a vernal pool. Conservation: Black cottonwood is a very fast-growing and potentially large tree, easy to establish, and useful for shade and ornament. […] The balsam used by churches is often derived from another subspecies, P. balsamifera ssp. Although the flowers are inconspicuous,this species is well known for its fuzzy fruits, which during spring and early summer float down from the trees, creating the appearance of a light warm-season snowfall. Ethnobotany Black cottonwood resin has disinfectant properties and has been used by Coast Salish people for sore throats and coughs as well as being applied directly to wounds to prevent infection. Black cottonwood is a large deciduous tree belonging to the willow family (Salicaceae). Black Cottonwood Forest – Portland Walking among forests of giant cottonwoods or any gigantic trees is a humbling and profound experience. This article was written by Jessica Rouske and Sarah Verlinde. Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia and Alaska. Black cottonwood leaf buds and stems protected by resins which allow for early leaf growth; the resins are also medicine for people (Populus balsamifera ssp. The Fremont Cottonwood, also known as the Western Cottonwood or the Rio Grande Cottonwood, Populus fremontii, occurs in California east to Utah and Arizona and south into northwest Mexico. Vancouver (BC): Lone Pine Publishing. Formerly: Populus balsamifera spp. Willows The Willow Family– Salicaceae Salix sp. Balsamifera means balsam (aromatic resin)-bearing. Here in the Pacific Northwest, Native Americans utilized an incredible diversity of trees for edible cambium including Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis), Bigleaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum), Red Alder, Lodgepole Pine, Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides), and Black Cottonwood.The air alighting with Cottonwood down is a pretty dramatic phenological … The following points should help you to identify a black cottonwood. Leaves: leathery/waxy dark green upper surface, with a lighter green underside. southcentral alaska. Also like willows, leaf buds contain salicin which is a powerful anti-inflamatory and pain-reducer. Named after 19th century American explorer John C. Fremont, it is similar to the Eastern Cottonwood, differing mainly in the leaves having fewer, larger serrations on the leaf edge and small … Black cottonwood. bears. HEILMAN,P., AND D. V. PEABODY. Traditional Uses of Cottonwood While most herbalists are using cottonwood buds to relieve inflammation, pain, and as an antimicrobial, there are many additional … During the late spring, seeds are released in the wind with fine hairs. Black Cottonwood (nekw’nikw’az) This is our largest native broadleaf tree, growing to heights of 24 to 38 meters. Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/blackcottonwood.html, https://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_pobat.pdf, http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Populus%20trichocarpa. This condensed list of western Washington plants was created by Scott Clay-Poole, PhD. It grows in my backyard along the Raging River and throughout the Snoqualmie Valley. Tolerates moisture. Mailstop Code: 1103 Bark: Mature bark is brown and rugged and looks similar to Douglas-fir’s bark. Both Cottonwood Trees and Willow Trees produce their own rooting hormone, called auxin. The more tender inner bark was used for food in the spring and summer, and old dead leaves were boiled and used in baths to treat body aches and stomach problems. It is known as a good light wood. During spring and summer, the light green leaves of the tall trees often indicate a source of water in the deserts the Great Basin or Modoc Plateau. Black cottonwood is a Pacific Northwest native deciduous tree which can eventually grow to a height of 150’ with a width of 40’. trichocarpa; photos by Heidi Bohan) The amazing smell of these barks, roots and buds as they are gathered and prepared are each so distinctive, each with their own medicine. Black Cottonwood USDA POBAT: Bella Coola Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of buds and animal fat taken for whooping cough. Vegetative characters are variable even on the same plant. Collection and study from a 2016 road trip. 11. Cottonwood Populus balsamifera This is one of my all time favorite resin buds to infuse. Photo by Charles Webber, California Academy of Science. Small native tree or large shrub growing to 25-35 ft. high and 12-20 ft. wide. 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